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Jacques Rivette (; born 1 March 1928) is a French film director and film critic most commonly associated with the French New Wave and ''Cahiers du Cinéma''. He has made twenty-eight films, including ''Le Coup de Berger'', ''Paris Belongs to Us'', ''L'amour fou'', ''Out 1'', ''Celine and Julie Go Boating'', ''Le Pont du Nord'', ''La Belle Noiseuse'' and ''Va savoir''. Rivette was inspired by Jean Cocteau to become a filmmaker and shot his first short film at the age of twenty. He moved to Paris to pursue his career and frequented Henri Langlois's Cinémathèque Française and other ciné-clubs. In Paris he met François Truffaut, Jean-Luc Godard, Éric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol and other future members of the New Wave. He began writing film criticism and was hired by André Bazin to write for ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' in 1953. As a film critic, he expressed his admiration for American films, especially genre directors such as John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock and Nicholas Ray. He was also highly critical of mainstream French films. His articles were admired by his peers and were considered the most aggressive and well-written of the magazine. He continued making short films, including ''Le Coup de Berger'', often called the first film of the New Wave. Truffaut credited Rivette with initiating the New Wave. Although he was the first of the New Wave to begin working on a feature film, ''Paris Belongs to Us'' was not released until 1961, after Chabrol, Truffaut, Rohmer and Godard released their own feature film debuts and made the movement famous worldwide. He became editor of ''Cahiers du Cinéma'' in the early 1960s and publically fought French censorship over the release of his second feature film ''The Nun''. He then re-thought his career and developed his own cinematic style with ''L'amour fou''. Influenced by the political turmoil of May 68, improvisational theater and a lengthy interview with filmmaker Jean Renoir, Rivette began working with large groups of actors to develop characters, then allowed events to unfold organically on camera during production. This led to the thirteen-hour ''Out 1'', which has rarely been screened and is considered a cinephile's "holy grail". In the 1970s his films became more well-regarded and often employed fantasy-themed plots, such as ''Celine and Julie Go Boating''. After attempting to film four films back to back, he suffered a nervous breakdown and his career slowed down for a few years. In the early 1980s he formed a business partnership with producer Martine Marignac, who has produced all of his films since then. His film output increased and he became regarded as a great director internationally, especially with his 1991 film ''La Belle Noiseuse''. He retired after the completion of 2009's ''Around a Small Mountain''. In 2012 it was revealed that Rivette is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was briefly married to photographer and screenwriter Marilù Parolini in the early 1960s and is known to be intensely private about his personal life. His films often use improvisation with only short outlines instead of scripts, extended running times and loose narratives. They explore such themes as conspiracy theories, fantasy and theatricality in everyday life. They often combine the paranoid and conspiratorial crime stories of films by Louis Feuillade and Fritz Lang with the more carefree characters of the films of Renoir and Howard Hawks. He is known for portraying complex female characters and is considered influential on the female buddy film genre. ==1928-1950: Early life and move to Paris== Jacques Pierre Louis Rivette was born in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France to André Rivette and Andrée Amiard; a family "where everyone is a pharmacist". His childhood friend André Ruellan wrote that Rivette's father was a skilled painter who loved opera music. He was educated at the Lycée Pierre-Corneille and said he briefly studied literature at a university "just to keep myself occupied." Inspired by Jean Cocteau's book about the making of ''La Belle et la Bête'', Rivette decided to pursue filmmaking and began frequenting ciné-clubs. In 1948 he shot his first short film, ''Aux Quatre Coins'' filmed in the Côte Sainte-Catherine section of Rouen.〔 The following year he moved to Paris with his friend Francis Bouchet because "if you wanted to make films it was the only way." On the day he arrived he met future collaborator Jean Gruault, who invited him to see ''Les dames du Bois de Boulogne'' at the Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin. Éric Rohmer, whose film criticism Rivette knew and admired, gave a lecture at the screening. Rivette submitted his short film to the Institut des Hautes Études Cinématographiques because it "was the kind of thing that would have pleased my parents", but was not accepted into the school. He took courses at the Sorbonne, but began frequenting film screenings at Henri Langlois's Cinémathèque Française with Bouchet instead of attending classes. At the Cinémathèque Rivette became immersed in older films from the silent and early "Talkie" era along with Claude Chabrol, Jean-Luc Godard, François Truffaut, Suzanne Schiffman, Gruault and Bouchet. Rivette and this group of young cinephiles gradually got to know each other while always sitting in the front row of the Cinématographiques during screenings. He met Truffaut at a screening of ''The Rules of the Game'' and sat next to Godard at the Cinémathèque for several months before Godard finally introduced himself. Rivette became an active participate at post-screening debates and Rohmer said that at regular film quiz competitions at the Studio Parnasse, Rivette was "unbeatable." Rivette credited Langlois's screenings and lectures for helping him preserver during his early impoverished years in Paris and told Langlois "a word from you saved me and opened the doors of the temple." Unlike his contemporaries, Rivette continued to attend screening at the Cinémathèque well into the 1970s. Rivette and his friends also attended screenings at the Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin, run by Rohmer. In 1950 Rivette began to write film criticism for the ''Gazette du Cinéma'', co-founded by Rohmer and Bouchet. The journal ceased publication after five issues. Rivette said that being a critic was never his aim, but it was "a good exercise." That same year he made his second short film ''Le Quadrille''. It was produced by and starred Godard, who said that he raised the money by stealing and selling his grandfathers collection of rare first edition Paul Valéry books. Rivette described it as a film in which "absolutely nothing happens. Its just four people sitting around a table, looking at each other." Film critic Tom Milne said that it had "a certain hypnotic, obsessional quality as, for 40 minutes, it attempted to show what happens when nothing happens." It was screened at the Ciné-Club du Quartier Latin and Rivette said that "After ten minutes, people started to leave, and at the end, the only ones who stayed were Jean-Luc and a girl." Rivette later said that the film was Lettrist and that Lettrist founder Isidore Isou called it "ingenious". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jacques Rivette」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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